Christianity and the Ottoman Empire

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Anatol
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Joined: Sun Apr 12, 2009 2:13 pm

Christianity and the Ottoman Empire

Post by Anatol » Mon Jan 15, 2018 5:24 pm

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE was a major threat to the hegemony of Christian Europe from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. The origins of the Ottoman dynasty lie in northwestern Anatolia, though it is difficult to say why they suddenly emerged as such a powerful force. One theory proposes that it was because they were strategically well placed to attack the Christian Byzantine Empire, and therefore attracted Muslim fighters who wished to wage holy war against Christianity. They first drove the Byzantines from Anatolia – which they achieved by 1338 – and in 1354 occupied Gallipoli, their first base in Europe, and the one from which they launched their drive into southeastern Europe. The greatest shock to Christian Europe came, however, with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 . Many Byzantine scholars fled westward, particularly to Italy, and made a substantial contribution to the Renaissance. The first notable Christian victory was a sea battle at Lepanto (the Gulf of Corinth) on 7 October 1571 . The victorious army was that of the Holy League, a coalition of the Papal States, Genoa, Venice and Spain, originally put together in 1511 by Pope Julius II . At Lepanto the Holy League forces were led by Don John of Austria. The victory, though hailed as a great triumph by the Christians (the Pope established the Feast of the Holy Rosary on 7 October to mark the event), in effect altered little. The Ottoman Turks were not forced to withdraw from any territory. Тhey continued sea battles with Christians conquering new territories. The design stamp is made after painting of Cornelis Wael: "Sea battle between Christians and Turks". Cornelis de Wael was a Flemishpainter, engraver and merchant who was known for his sea battle scenes. Scenes of battles between Christian and Ottoman forces such as the present work were particularly popular. The artist did not depict a concrete battle, but a general picture of the sea battles that occurred during the creation of the Turkish empire. Here's how the battle for the island of Djerba is described: The Duke of Medinaseli expected to see the Turks in the middle of June, but at the end of May Ottoman galleys and galliots appeared near the coast of Tunisia and began to land on the island. The Janissaries immediately rushed into the battle, attacking the Christians loaded with ships. Combat ships of the Turks not only covered the landing of the landing, but also attacked the ships of the Spaniards and Italians, who were completely unprepared for the battle. The Christian was panic-stricken, and the mountains of valuable goods that were bought in the last month only aggravated the situation. None of the soldiers wanted to fight. While some tried at any cost to climb on some ship with their cargo, others resolutely stopped the maneuvers of traders and let their goods go overboard. In the sea, bales of wool, bales of leather, jugs of oil, even horses and camels were dropped. Clashes began between soldiers, on the one hand, and cargo owners, captains and crews of vessels, on the other.In this situation, the order of the Duke of Medinaseli about the loading of soldiers was not thought of anyway, especially since there was no evacuation plan. The first inhospitable Djerbu began to leave wage ships, whose owners were most interested in saving their capitals. Without entering into battle with the Turks, they tried to break free into the sea, and many of them succeeded. Much worse was the case with the ships of the regular fleet of the Holy Roman Empire, who could not evade the battle and fell under the powerful blow of the Ottoman fleet. 24 May 1560 ended the battle near the island of Djerba between the Ottoman fleet and the squadrons of Spain, Venice, Genoa, the Papal States, Savoy and Malta. The Turkish armada under the command of Piale Pasha scored a brilliant naval victory over the combined forces of the Christian fleet. As a result, the European powers lost more than half of their ships and at least 9,000 people. The Turkish flotilla lost only a few galliots and about a thousand soldiers. The victory at Djerba strengthened the sea dominance of the Ottomans in the Mediterranean and marked the power of the Ottoman Empire.
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Source:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t253/e2, e-minbar.com/facts/967-1560-srazhenie-u-ostrova-dzherba, еn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_de_Wael
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