ARGUS sailship 1824

[aukepalmhof]

Brazil issued in 2024 a stamp for the Bicentenary of the arrival of the first immigrants from Germany in Brazil on board of the ARGUS. The stamp shows a silhouette of a three mast ship.
I believe there is not a drawing of painting of the ARGUS.

Not much I could find on the ARGUS only that she was an old ship in service of the Brazilian Empire with 3 masts.

Below is partly given the info given by the Brazilian Post by the stamp issue.

The artwork creation took as its basis graphic elements of the immigration, the Bauhaus aesthetics and the respective National Flags colors, represented in a low saturation aspect, in order to a better composition. Those elements, in both abstract and geometric shapes, that represent the German immigration in Brazil are the following: the ship ARGUS, the city of São Leopoldo and the Rio dos Sinos (“River of the Bells”), and of course, the immigrant itself. The Bauhaus Movement, strengthtens the bond between Brazil and Germany because was the famous art school in the XX century which preceded the Ulm School of Design and had great importance for the first Design School in Brazil, ESDI, having as its starters the German Karl Heinz Bergmiller and the Brazilian Alexandre Wollner, both students from the Ulm Design School. It was utilized vectorial illustration technique.

On July 25, 1824, the first 39 farmers and artisans from the Hunsrück region arrived in São Leopoldo, where they founded a colony. In successive eras, more immigrants came to Brazil. Family and business ties were formed between The Old and The New World, between Germany and Brazil. Many of them still bear fruit to this day.

https://www.correios.com.br/educacao-e- ... gracao.pdf

200 years ago, a pioneering German immigration ship arrived in Rio

13/01/2024January 13, 2024
The official milestone for the influx of German-speaking immigrants was July 25, 1824, with the founding of the colony of São Leopoldo (RS). In January, however, the ship ARGUS already docked in Brazil with 284 passengers.


"We arrived at our destination on January 13, 1824, with more people on board than had left Brecherbach, for in addition to two deaths, there were 16 births," wrote Lutheran pastor Friedrich Oswald Sauerbronn (1784-1864) to his friends who remained in the Old World. He was reporting on the arrival in Rio de Janeiro of the ship ARGUS, which brought 284 German-speaking immigrants to Brazil – including the pastor himself.
The ARGUS was of great importance for German immigration to Brazil – although, officially, the official landmark of this immigration is considered to be July 25, 1824, the date of the founding of the colony of São Leopoldo, in Rio Grande do Sul.
"It was the first ship within what is considered the first official period of German immigration to Brazil, which encompasses the years 1824 to 1830", explains researcher Ademar Felipe Fey, author of the book Navio ARGUS – Ano 1824: Imigração Alemanha no Brasil .
It is worth noting that Germany only came into existence as a country in 1871, so it is more correct to refer to these settlers as "German-speaking" people. According to historian Daniela Rothfuss, cultural coordinator at the Martius-Staden Institute, most of the immigrants on board the ARGUS were from the regions of Oldenburg – now part of Lower Saxony – and Hesse, now a state in the central region of the country.
"The term 'Germans' is linked to a linguistic-ethnic-cultural identity, more than to the idea of ​​political nationality. The first waves, up until 1830, included immigrants from other German-speaking countries in Europe, such as Switzerland and Austria, but the majority were from regions that make up modern Germany", explains public administrator Sylvio Zimmermann, Secretary of Culture of Blumenau.
Rothfuss points out that the ship brought "one of the first closed groups" of immigrants to Brazil. And it was the first immigrant ship to officially disembark after Independence , in September 1822.

Bahia and Rio, before the south of the country
"Before 1824 there were some attempts to establish colonies with German immigrants in Bahia", Fey points out. The colony of Nova Friburgo, in Rio, was also created, initially with Swiss immigrants – the destination of many of those who came on the ARGUS.
Professor at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) and author of the book German Immigration in Rio Grande do Sul , historian Jorge Luiz da Cunha highlights that "when they arrived in Rio de Janeiro, they were all [those who came on the ARGUS destined for the German colony of Nova Friburgo, founded before the Independence of Brazil".

He considers "scientifically that the true first immigrants of Independent Brazil were the 39 people who left Hamburg, Germany, aboard the ship CAROLINE, on December 17, 1823" – that is, those who would found the colony of São Leopoldo.
"As these colonies [in Bahia and Rio did not meet the Empire's expectations, which would only happen with São Leopoldo, the official date for the beginning of German immigration to Brazil was set at July 25th", highlights researcher Fey.

Storms and pirates
The saga faced by the immigrants aboard the ARGUS was not easy. According to Pastor Sauerbronn's letter, which is full of details, the group left Frankfurt, present-day Germany, for Amsterdam in May 1823. There, they boarded the ship that would take them to Brazil on July 24. However, a storm ended up breaking the ship's mast while still in the North Sea, forcing an emergency return to the original port and a long wait for repairs.
According to journalist and researcher Adriana Sauerbronn de Moura, a direct descendant of the Lutheran pastor, the new departure only took place on September 10. But the journey continued to be bumpy.
First, a storm forced the ARGUS to make an 11-day stopover at a port in England. Near the Canary Islands, the crew was attacked by African pirates. "But when the pirate captain boarded the ship, he realized that there were only people poorer than him, so he offered supplies such as fresh fruit and drinks to the settlers," says Moura. And then the pastor himself reports that on January 13, the group docked in Rio with more people than when they set out – because of two deaths and 16 births.
Interestingly, some of these events were directly linked to the pastor. On November 17, 1823, during the crossing, his wife, Charlotte, gave birth to a healthy baby boy, Peter Leopold. The next day, however, she died due to complications from childbirth.
Sauerbronn arrived in Brazil with seven young children to raise. The youngest, Peter, would die a month later from dysentery. "This immigration to Nova Friburgo ended up being somewhat forgotten. Firstly because the immigration to Rio Grande do Sul was much more numerous, and secondly because the land where they were placed was not very fertile, so it was difficult for them to stay there," explains Moura.

An official settlement project
The fact is that the ARGUS was an initial attempt at a project that would later end up being adapted to the south of the country, where it actually worked. In 1822, José Bonifácio (1763-1838), then Minister of Foreign Affairs, sent a major to the German courts in Europe, tasking him with recruiting colonists.
"The initial idea was to send the immigrants to Bahia or Nova Friburgo, a Swiss colony established in the Rio de Janeiro mountains in 1819," says Zimmermann. "But Dom Pedro I and Bonifácio changed their plans: they strategically decided to populate the Southern Region. Thus, the following waves of immigrants were sent to São Leopoldo, near Porto Alegre."
The settlers were mostly artisans or rural workers, people who had become impoverished as a result of industrialization and the Napoleonic Wars. They formed "a surplus population in Germany, which was sought after by the newly independent Brazil", reports Zimmermann.
"German-speaking immigrants were fleeing poverty and hunger, caused by the end of feudal serfdom at the beginning of the 19th century […], on the initiative of Prussia, as a strategy for the urban needs of the nascent industry", adds historian Cunha.
According to the book 1824: How the Germans Came to Brazil , by historian Rodrigo Trespach, the recruits were families or single men. Those who could afford the travel costs received land, seeds and animals to start their lives over. Those who could not afford the money were forced to serve in the army for four years before receiving the land. At first, the operation was financed by the Brazilian government. "The German immigrants received resources," confirms historian Cunha. "The costs of immigration were covered by the government of independent Brazil."

Discrepancy in dates
The records of the National Archives, newspaper articles from the time archived by the National Library, the letter from the Lutheran pastor and all the experts interviewed for this report confirm that January 13, 1824 was the date of the ARGUS' arrival in Rio. However, several texts already published about the saga point to other dates, mainly January 7.
According to the researchers, it is most likely an old mistake that ended up being reproduced without checking – or, as Zimmermann says, due to "a lack of consultation with the original sources". "Unfortunately, there are different historical sources", explains Rothfuss.
Fey points out another possibility: the different dates would indicate different moments: "The discrepancy could occur due to information about entering the Porto bay, sighting the city of Rio de Janeiro, etc."

https://www.dw.com/pt-br/h%C3%A1-200-an ... a-67920651
Brazikl 2024 10.25R$ sgMS?, Scott?