The first notable icebreaker was the PILOT (PAJLOT) who in 1864 was used to maintain communication between Kronstadt and St Petersburg.
The Russian merchant, shipsowner and yard owner M.O Britjew owned her from Kronstadt.
In 1864 he fitted out one of his vessels, the 60 hp. PILOT (PAJLOT) with a bow with an angle of 20º, so it was possible to drive the vessel with the bow on the ice, and by the weight of the vessel the ice would break.
She was used till 1890 in the Gulf of Finland between Kronstad and Oranienbaum, and allowed shipping longer for several weeks.
She was a great success, and her owner built two more icebreakers, the BOJ (battle) in 1875 and BUJ (buoy) in 1889.
Russia 1976 4k sg 4598 scott?
Source: Navicula.
PAILOT or PAJLOT (Pilot) icebreaker
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