The origins lie in the Venetian navy naval tradition first Roman and then Byzantine.At this time there was no real distinction between the merchant marine and war. All ships had to be ready, if necessary, be able to defend themselves against attack and, in the case of real conflict, merchant ships and their crews were assembled and reinforced to form the fleet of war. However, there were already two types of vessels, one a purely military target and the other predominantly merchant: The VESSEL THIN(La nave sottile ), derived from the Roman triremes which for a millennium were the prince boats in the Mediterranean. The SHIP ROUND(La nave tonda), directly derived from Roman cargo. Towards the end of the ninth century appeared the main instrument of power of Venice The “THIN HELMET” a ship agile and thin , with only bridge,a move necessary by oars or lateen sails. In the twelfth century , the growing commercial interests in the East followed the Byzantine -reaching concessions contained in Crisobolla of Alexius I Comnenus and the Crusades , for which Venice provided transport services and military support , led to the first great revolution for the Venetian navy : the construction dell ' Arsenale . In this large public construction site were concentrated all activities related to the construction and maintenance of the fleet, under the strict control of the state. The thirteenth century opened with the conquest of the domain overseas as a result of the Fourth Crusade , which , with the conquest of Constantinople in 1204 , then turned Venice into main maritime power in the eastern Mediterranean , equipping its fleet with a dense network of bases, colonies and interests. It was also developed a new type of galley , useful to serve in Мude: “La GALEA GROSSA da MERCHADO”(" to market " ) , with larger ships than the "thin" , at the expense of quality marinate , but to the benefit of merchant ability . Since 1268, virtually unique at the time, Venice was endowed with a permanent military fleet , for control of the Adriatic to the Venetians simply the Gulf . Through this naval force in the Republic imposed its authority over the sea, which it perceives as its own , pattugliandolo inspecting the ships passing and attacking all those regarded as hostile . In the fourteenth century the introduction of new construction techniques , rudder Central (formerly the ships were moved by two side rudders ) and the magnetic compass, invention probably from China (it is in 1295 at Marco Polo returning from his travels ) , radically changed the way to go to sea. This is the century of the deadly conflict with Genoa, which resulted in the War of Chioggia, where the salvation of Venice resided probably in the incredible resilience consentitale from his Arsenal, he was able , in a very short time , to replenish the lost fleet and fight back.At the beginning of the fifteenth century then spread the use of a new type of ship , which was developed in the North Sea by the fleets of the Hanseatic League and later spread to the rest of Europe , adopted by the Venice especially for trade with the North. “СOCCA” , a large round vessel suitable to hold up well even in the difficult northern seas . In the victorious Battle of Lepanto , he made his debut a new invention Venetian , soon spread to the other fleets in the Mediterranean: “GALEAZZA” , ship exclusively from war , built on the model of the galleys , but much larger and high edge. From the twelfth century, however, all of these activities came to be concentrated in a single large public construction site : the Arsenal . True heart of the Venetian navy , the Arsenal came to collect every kind of business, mastery or the relevant raw materials for the construction of ships and the operation of the fleet. The construction of the ships was entrusted to the Proto , which rivaled the tracing of the sixth, that is, the drawing of the lines of the hull, which would depend on the characteristics of seaworthiness of the ship , its success or failure. It was the result of an act by the teachings received from the proto in the long years of apprenticeship, and from the experience gained on the accuracy of the sixth , the tools used in this delicate work and jealously guarded . These were curved deiregoli that were used to draw directly on the ground, with red dust , traces of the keel and ribs of the new ship . The construction of the hull at the airport was then entrusted to the skills of carpenters and craftsmen . After completion intervened then the caulk , who were responsible for making waterproof the hull planking inserting between the wood of the hemp rope soaked in pitch. Once completed , the ship was ready to be launched and be prepared . At the peak of its development cycle of a similar production , complete and self-sufficient , allowed to build up to three large ships a day , where the only limit was given by the stocks of raw materials. The secrecy of construction techniques was so important to the city that soon all the huge complex was surrounded by walls high enough to block the view and access, but not enough to be detected in the distance , remaining hidden in the profile of the city .
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